adminPrevious Year Questions (2013-2022)
1] Critically examine the Functionalist approach to the study of international relations. [2018/15m/200w/4c]
2] Examine the World Systems approach as developed by Immanuel Wallerstein [2017/15m/200w/4c]
3] Critically examine the Functional and System approaches to the study of international relations. [2016/10m/150w/1d]
4] Mortan A Kaplan’s system theory is contrary to the fundamental precepts of the Systems approach. Comment. [2014/15m/200w/3c]
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1] Critically examine the Functionalist approach to the study of international relations. [2018/15m/200w/4c]
Functionalist approach, given by David Mitrany, talks about the process of integration among states. The approach is expressed in the formulation ‘form follows function
The idea is that international cooperation should begin by dealing with specific transnational problems (such as disease control) where there is some prospect of applying specialised technical knowledge and where the success of ad hoc functional arrangements will hopefully lead to further efforts to replicate the experience in an ever-widening process. And over time the principle of territorial and legal sovereignty will weaken.
The approach was used to explain European integration, and to fulfil the dream of the formation of a United States of Europe, constituting the ever-warring nation-states of Europe. The European Coal and steel community was founded in 1952, and in 1957 it evolved into the European Economic Community. Eventually, the European Union was formed in 1993.
Critics argue that it is not possible to separate technical from political issues as expected by the functionalists. Moreover, it overemphasis the willingness of the states to hand over the responsibilities to the institutional structure. furthermore, it is not evident that International organisations are capable of acquiring a level of popular legitimacy as the states. Functionalism also failed to become the basis of the Integration of other regions. Even European Union witness the exit of Britain and faced a cooperative crisis during the COVID-19 pandemic.
As a prescriptive theory, functionalism makes a lot of sense, However, the practical implementation is often faced with numerous factors not contemplated in theory and always remains a challenge. [257 words]
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